Saboda ƙira ta musamman na eriya, za'a iya tattara yawan adadin radiation a cikin wani takamaiman wuri. Ma'aunin kai tsaye na eriya mara asara shine ribar eriya. Yana da alaƙa kusa da kai tsaye na eriya. Ya bambanta da kai tsaye, wanda kawai ke bayyana halayen jagoranci na eriya, samun eriya shima yana la'akari da ingancin eriya.
radiation
Sabili da haka, yana wakiltar ainihin ƙarfin haske. Wannan yawanci yana ƙasa da ƙarfin da mai watsawa ke bayarwa. Koyaya, saboda wannan ƙarfin yana da sauƙin aunawa fiye da kai tsaye, an fi amfani da ribar eriya fiye da kai tsaye. Karkashin tunanin la'akari da eriya mara asara, ana iya saita kai tsaye daidai da ribar eriya.
radiation
Ana amfani da eriyar tunani don ayyana ribar eriya. A mafi yawan lokuta, eriyar tunani radiyo ce da aka zaci marar asara (Radiator isotropic ko eriya) wanda ke haskakawa iri ɗaya a duk kwatance, ko eriyar dipole mai sauƙi, aƙalla a cikin jirgin da aka yi la'akari da shi.
radiation
Don auna eriya, ana ƙididdige yawan radiation (ikon kowane yanki na yanki) a wani wuri a wani tazara kuma idan aka kwatanta da ƙimar da aka samu ta amfani da eriyar tunani. Ribar eriya shine rabon ɗimbin radiyo guda biyu.
radiation
Misali, idan eriya ta jagora ta samar da adadin radiation sau 200 fiye da eriyar isotropic a cikin wani yanki na sararin samaniya, ƙimar eriyar G shine 200 ko 23 dB.
radiation
Tsarin Antenna
Samfurin eriya wani hoto ne na rabe-raben makamashi wanda eriya ke haskawa. Dangane da aikace-aikacen, eriyar yakamata ta karɓi kawai daga takamaiman shugabanci amma ba sigina daga wasu kwatance ba (misali eriyar TV, eriyar radar), a gefe guda eriyar mota yakamata ta sami damar karɓar masu watsawa daga kowane kwatance.
radiation
Tsarin hasken eriya shine hoton hoto na abubuwan halayen hasken eriya. Alamar eriya yawanci wakilcin hoto ne na halayen jagoranci na eriya. Yana wakiltar ƙarfin dangi na hasken makamashi ko adadin ƙarfin lantarki ko ƙarfin filin maganadisu azaman aikin jagorar eriya. Ana auna ko ƙirƙira zane-zanen eriya ta shirye-shiryen kwaikwayo a kan kwamfuta, alal misali, don nuna hoton kai tsaye na eriyar radar kuma ta haka ne ake kimanta aikinta.
radiation
Idan aka kwatanta da eriya ta ko'ina, waɗanda ke haskakawa a ko'ina a duk kwatance na jirgin sama, eriya masu jagora suna fifita alkibla ɗaya don haka cimma dogon zango a wannan hanyar tare da ƙaramin ƙarfin watsawa. Hanyoyin radiation na eriya suna kwatanta abubuwan da aka zaɓa ta hanyar ma'auni. Saboda daidaituwar juna, ana ba da garantin watsawa iri ɗaya da karɓar halayen eriya. Hoton yana nuna rabe-raben shugabanci na ikon watsawa azaman ƙarfin filin da ji na eriya yayin liyafar.
radiation
Ana samun kai tsaye da ake buƙata ta hanyar aikin injiniya da lantarki da aka yi niyya na eriya. Jagoranci yana nuna yadda eriya ke karɓa ko watsawa ta wata hanya. Ana wakilta shi a cikin hoto na hoto (tsarin eriya) a matsayin aikin azimuth (bangaren kwance) da haɓaka (maɓalli na tsaye).
radiation
Yi amfani da tsarin haɗin gwiwar Cartesian ko iyakacin duniya. Ma'auni a cikin wakilcin zane na iya samun ma'auni na layi ko logarithmic.
radiation
Yi amfani da tsarin nuni da yawa. Tsarukan daidaitawa na Cartesian, da kuma tsarin haɗin gwiwar iyakacin duniya, sun zama ruwan dare gama gari. Babban burin shine a nuna alamar radiyo a kwance (azimuth) don cikakken wakilcin 360° ko a tsaye (tsayi) galibi kawai don digiri 90 ko 180. Bayanai daga eriya za a iya wakilta mafi kyau a cikin haɗin gwiwar Cartesian. Tun da ana iya buga waɗannan bayanan cikin teburi, mafi yawan siffanta yanayin lanƙwasa a cikin daidaitawar iyakacin duniya an fi so. Ya bambanta da tsarin haɗin gwiwar Cartesian, wannan kai tsaye yana nuna jagora.
radiation
Don sauƙi na magudi, bayyana gaskiya, da iyakar iyawa, ƙirar radiation yawanci ana daidaita su zuwa gefuna na waje na tsarin haɗin gwiwa. Wannan yana nufin cewa matsakaicin ƙimar da aka auna an daidaita shi da 0° kuma an ƙirƙira shi a saman gefen ginshiƙi. Ana nuna ƙarin ma'auni na ƙirar radiation a dB (decibels) dangane da wannan matsakaicin ƙimar.
radiation
Ma'auni a cikin adadi na iya bambanta. Akwai nau'ikan ma'aunin ƙirƙira iri uku da aka saba amfani da su; linzamin kwamfuta, logarithmic na layi da kuma ingantaccen logarithmic. Ma'auni na layi yana jaddada babban katako na radiation kuma yawanci yana danne duk lobes na gefe tun da yawanci suna kasa da kashi ɗaya na babban lobe. Duk da haka, ma'auni na layi-lobe yana wakiltar lobes na gefe da kyau kuma an fi son lokacin da matakan duk lobes na gefe suna da mahimmanci. Duk da haka, yana ba da ra'ayi na mummunan eriya saboda babban lobe yana da ƙananan ƙananan. Ma'auni na logarithmic da aka gyara (Hoto 4) yana jaddada siffar babban katako lokacin damfara ƙananan ƙananan matakan (<30 dB) zuwa tsakiyar yanayin. Sabili da haka, babban lobe yana da girma sau biyu kamar lobe mafi ƙarfi, wanda ke da fa'ida don gabatarwar gani. Duk da haka, wannan nau'i na wakilci ba a cika amfani da shi a fasaha ba saboda yana da wuyar karanta cikakkun bayanai daga gare ta.
radiation
radiation
a kwance tsarin radiation
Zane-zanen eriya a kwance wani tsari ne na filin lantarki na eriya, wanda aka bayyana a matsayin jirgin sama mai girma biyu da ke kan eriya.
Sha'awar wannan wakilcin shine kawai samun kwatancen eriya. Yawanci, ana kuma ba da ƙimar -3 dB azaman da'irar dage akan sikelin. Matsakaici tsakanin babban lobe da wannan da'irar yana haifar da abin da ake kira rabin ƙarfin wutar lantarki na eriya. Sauran sigogi masu sauƙin karantawa sune rabon gaba / ja da baya, wato, rabo tsakanin babban lobe da lobe mai bin diddigi, da girma da shugabanci na lobes na gefe.
radiation
radiation
Don eriya na radar, rabo tsakanin babban lobe da lobe na gefe yana da mahimmanci. Wannan siga kai tsaye yana rinjayar kimantawar matakin hana tsangwama na radar.
radiation
a tsaye tsarin radiation
Siffar siffa ta tsaye ƙetare ce ta tsaye ta adadi mai girma uku. A cikin makircin iyakacin duniya da aka nuna (kwata na da'irar), matsayin eriya shine asalin, X-axis shine kewayon radar, kuma Y-axis shine tsayin manufa. Ɗaya daga cikin dabarun auna eriya shine rikodin stroboscopic na hasken rana ta amfani da kayan auna RASS-S daga Intersoft Electronics. RASS-S (Tsarin Tallafi na Binciken Radar don Shafuka) tsarin radar ne mai zaman kansa na masana'anta don kimanta abubuwa daban-daban na radar ta hanyar haɗawa da sigina da aka rigaya, ƙarƙashin yanayin aiki.
radiation
Hoto na 3: Tsarin eriya na tsaye tare da halayen murabba'i na cosecent
A cikin hoto na 3, raka'o'in ma'auni sune mil na ruwa don kewayo da ƙafafu don tsayi. Don dalilai na tarihi, har yanzu ana amfani da waɗannan raka'a biyu na ma'auni wajen sarrafa zirga-zirgar jiragen sama. Waɗannan raka'o'in suna da mahimmanci na biyu kawai saboda an ayyana yawan adadin radiation da aka tsara azaman matakan dangi. Wannan yana nufin cewa boresight ya sami darajar ƙimar (ka'idar) matsakaicin iyaka da aka ƙididdige shi tare da taimakon ma'aunin radar.
radiation
Siffar jadawali yana ba da bayanin da ake buƙata kawai! Don samun cikakkiyar ƙimar kuna buƙatar ƙima na biyu da aka auna ƙarƙashin yanayi iri ɗaya. Kuna iya kwatanta jadawalin biyu kuma ku gane karuwa ko raguwa a cikin aikin eriya.
radiation
Radials alamomi ne don kusurwar ɗagawa, anan cikin matakan rabin-digiri. Rashin daidaiton sikelin x- da y-axes (ƙafafu da yawa da mil mil na ruwa) yana haifar da tazara marar layi tsakanin alamomin haɓakawa. Ana nuna tsayi azaman ƙirar grid na layi. Grid na biyu (dashed) yana kan karkatawar Duniya.
radiation
Hanyoyi uku na zane-zane na eriya galibi hotuna ne da aka samar da kwamfuta. Yawancin lokaci ana samar da su ta hanyar shirye-shiryen kwaikwayo kuma ƙimar su suna da mamaki kusa da ainihin ma'auni na ma'auni. Samar da taswirar ma'auni na gaskiya yana nufin babban ƙoƙarin aunawa, tunda kowane pixel na hoton yana wakiltar ƙimar ma'auninsa.
radiation
Wakilci mai girma uku na ƙirar eriya a cikin haɗin gwiwar Cartesian daga eriyar radar akan abin hawa.
(An ba da wutar lantarki a cikakken matakan! Saboda haka, yawancin shirye-shiryen ma'aunin eriya suna zaɓar daidaitawa don wannan wakilcin. Sai kawai a tsaye da sassan kwance na zane ta hanyar eriya za a iya amfani da su azaman ainihin ma'auni.
radiation
Ana ƙididdige duk sauran pixels ta hanyar ninka gabaɗayan ma'aunin ma'auni na ma'aunin ma'auni ta hanyar ma'auni ɗaya na ma'aunin kwance. Ƙarfin lissafin da ake buƙata yana da girma. Baya ga wakilci mai daɗi a cikin gabatarwa, amfanin sa yana da shakku, tunda ba za a iya samun sabon bayani daga wannan wakilcin ba idan aka kwatanta da filaye daban-daban guda biyu (filayen eriya na tsaye da na tsaye). Akasin haka: musamman a wuraren da ke kewaye, jadawali da aka samar tare da wannan sulhu ya kamata su kauce wa gaskiya.
radiation
Bugu da ƙari, ana iya wakilta filaye na 3D a cikin haɗin gwiwar Cartesian da iyakacin duniya.
radiation
Ana iya fahimtar nisa na eriyar radar a matsayin nisa na rabin ƙarfin wuta. Ana samun kololuwar haske mai ƙarfi a cikin jerin ma'auni (musamman a cikin ɗakin anechoic) sannan kuma wuraren da ke kowane gefe na kololuwa, waɗanda ke wakiltar ƙarfin kololuwar da aka ɗaga zuwa rabin iko. An ayyana tazarar kusurwa tsakanin wuraren rabin ƙarfin wuta azaman nisa. [1] Rabin iko a cikin decibels shine -3 dB, don haka rabin wutar lantarki
